The use of the JANUS supercomputer has enabled researchers to reproduce the experimental protocol of equilibrium dynamics in spin glasses

The use of the JANUS supercomputer has enabled researchers to reproduce the experimental protocol of equilibrium dynamics in spin glasses. The success of the simulation enables us to connect theoretical physical developments with experimental ones, using this new generation of computers.

One common characteristic of certain systems such as polymers, supercooled liquids, colloids or spin glasses is that they require very long times to reach equilibrium. They are determined by very slow dynamics at low temperatures. Actually, their dynamic is so slow that thermal equilibrium is never attained in macroscopic samples. This type of dynamic is characterised by a correlation or coherence length that indicates that particles situated at a shorter distance than this length are very correlated.

Theoretical physicists can calculate this (microscopic) correlation length by simulating a large number of particles and following the individual behaviour of all the particles in a supercomputer. These kinds of studies cannot be carried out experimentally (it is impossible to track all the particles of a system), but it is possible to calculate a (macroscopic) correlation length by applying external fields on the system which modify the energy barriers between the different states. 

Thanks to the JANUS II supercomputer, researchers from Spain and Italy (Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) of the University of Zaragoza, Complutense University of Madrid, University of Extremadura, La Sapienza University of Rome and University of Ferrara), have refined the calculation of the microscopic correlation length and have reproduced the experimental protocol, enabling them to calculate the macroscopic length. The success of the simulation confirmed that both microscopic and experimental (macroscopic) length are equal. 

"This study provides a theoretical basis for studies in these physical systems and the results obtained allow one to directly connect the theoretical developments to the experimental ones. We did the research taking as a reference spin glasses, because they are cleaner to study as a reference system", explains Juan Jesús Ruiz Lorenzo, a theoretical physicist at the UEx and one of the authors of this study which has been published in the magazine Physical Review Letters. 

JANUS supercomputer

The JANUS II computer is a new generation of supercomputer located in the BIFI (Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems). "Thanks to this 'dedicated' computer, we are able to simulate one second of the experiment, within the range of the experimental times", says Juan Jesús Ruíz Lorenzo. JANUS II is a dedicated supercomputer based on reconfigurable FPGA processors. 

The researchers have reproduced a landmark experiment on the Janus I and Janus II supercomputers that measures the coherence length in spin glasses. The coherence (correlation) length value estimated through analysis of microscopic correlation functions is quantitatively consistent with its measurements via macroscopic response functions.