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Chinese supercomputer simulation suggests sea surface temperatures changes contribute to Amazonian rainfall increases in wet seasons
Covering more than two million square miles in South America, Amazonia rainforest plays an important role in regulating level of carbon dioxide and thus affects global climate. In Amazonian, strong transpiration along with sea-land interaction, produce the classic tropical rainforest climate. The growth of rainforest is influenced by precipitation, especially during its wet season from December to May.
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Previous studies indicate that the interannual variability of the Amazonian precipitation could be largely attributed to the variabilities in the South American monsoon and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, the trend of the wet season tropical Amazonian precipitation during the recent decades is less investigated. Has Amazonian rainfall in wet season changed in the past decades?
In a recently published study in Environmental Research Letters, Profs. ZHU Jiang, LI Xichen and their Ph.D. student WANG Xinyue at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Prof. Clemente A. S. Tanajura at Institute of Physics, Federal University of Bahia have revealed that Amazonian precipitation in wet season has largely increased during the past three decades (1979-2015). They used atmospheric general circulation model to explore what caused enhanced rainfall.
The results based on model simulation suggest that the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability may control this process, particularly in Atlantic and Pacific. In the past three decades, the Atlantic experienced the positive phase of the Atlantic Multileader Oscillation, characterized by a strong warm anomaly over the North and tropical Atlantic; while the Pacific exhibited the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, characterized by a cooling anomaly over the tropical east Pacific.
"The SST changes over both the Atlantic and the Pacific contribute to the precipitation increase over the Amazonian basin, through atmospheric teleconnections. And we find the Atlantic SST forcing plays a comparatively more important role (than the Pacific SST)." Says ZHU, the corresponding author of the study. These results provide new perspectives to studying the long-term change of the wet-season Amazonian precipitation.
